amphibians, frogs, salamanders, caecilians, newts, mudpuppies, waterdogs, axolotls, sirens, amphiuma, biology, physiology, genetics, distribution maps, zoology, conservation, preservation, biodiversity

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For inquiries regarding photos that are copyright Livingunderworld.org or Amphibiainfo.com, or to contribute materials, please contact us.       Ambystomatidae (Gray, 1850) Mole Salamanders Genus Ambystoma (Tschudi, 1838) Mole Salamanders Ambystoma annulatum Ringed Salamander Ambystoma barbouri Streamside Salamander Ambystoma californiense California Tiger Salamander Ambystoma cingulatum Flatwoods Salamander Ambystoma gracile Northwestern Salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson's Salamander Ambystoma laterale Blue-Spotted Salamander Ambystoma mabeei Mabee's Salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum Long-Toed Salamander Ambystoma maculatum Spotted Salamander Ambystoma mavortium Barred Tiger Salamander Ambystoma mexicanum Axolotl Ambystoma opacum Marbled Salamander Ambystoma rosaceum Tarahumara Salamander Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander Ambystoma texanum Small-Mouthed Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander     Amphiumidae (Gray, 1825) Amphiumas / Congo Snakes Genus Amphiuma (Garden In Smith, 1821) Amphiuma / Congo Snakes Amphiuma means Two-Toed Amphiuma Amphiuma pholeter One-Toed Amphiuma Amphiuma tridactylum Three-Toed Amphiuma     Cryptobranchidae (Fitzinger, 1826) Giant Salamanders / Hellbenders Genus Andrias (Tschudi, 1837) Giant Salamanders Andrias davidianus Chinese Giant Salamander     Genus Cryptobranchus (Leukart, 1821) Hellbenders Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender     Dicamptodontidae (Tihen, 1958) American Giant Salamanders / Pacific Mole Salamanders Genus Dicamptodon (Struch, 1870) American Giant Salamanders / Pacific Mole Salamanders Dicamptodon aterrimus Idaho Giant Salamander Dicamptodon copei Cope's Giant Salamander Dicamptodon ensatus California Giant Salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus Pacific Giant Salamander      Hynobiidae (Cope, 1859) Asiatic Salamanders Genus Batrachuperus (Boulenger, 1878) Mountain Salamanders Batrachuperus persicus Persia Mountain Salamander     Genus Hynobius (Tschudi, 1838) Hynobiids / Asian Salamanders Hynobius amjiensis Anji Salamander Hynobius boulengeri Odaigahara Salamander Hynobius chinensis Chinese Salamander Hynobius dunni Oita Salamander Hynobius kimurae Hida Salamander Hynobius leechii Korean Salamander Hynobius lichenatus Tohoku Salamander Hynobius naevius Buchi Salamander Hynobius nebulosus Clouded Salamander Hynobius nigrescens Sendai Salamander, Black Hynobiid Sal. Hynobius okiensis Oki Salamander Hynobius quelpartensis (=H. l. quelpartensis) Cheju Salamander Hynobius retardatus Noboribetsu Salamander, Yeso Salamander Hynobius takedai Hokuriku Salamander, Honshu Salamander Hynobius tokyoensis Tokyo Salamander Hynobius tsuensis Tsushima Salamander Hynobius yiwuensis Yiwu Hynobiid     Genus Liua (Zhao and Hu, 1983) Wushan Salamanders Liua shihi Wushan Salamander     Genus Onychodactylus (Tschudi, 1838) Clawed Salamanders Onychodactylus japonicus Japanese Clawed Salamander     Genus Pachyhynobius (Fei, Qu (Ku), & Wu, 1983) Shangcheng Salamanders Pachyhynobius shangchengensis Shangcheng Stout Salamander     Genus Ranodon (Kessler, 1866) Siberian Salamanders Ranodon sibiricus Siberian Salamander     Genus Salamandrella (Dybowski, 1870) Siberian Salamanders / Newts Salamandrella keyserlingii Siberian Salamander, Dybowski's Salamander     Plethodontidae (Gray, 1850) Lungless Salamanders Genus Karsenia (Min, Yang, Bonnett, Vieites, Brandon, & Wake, 2005) Korean Crevice Salamanders Karsenia koreana Korean Crevice Salamander     Subfamily Desmognathinae (Cope, 1859) Dusky Salamanders Genus Desmognathus (Baird, 1850) Dusky Salamanders Desmognathus aeneus Seepage Salamander Desmognathus apalachicolae Appalachicola Dusky Salamander Desmognathus auriculatus Southern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus brimleyorum Ouachita Dusky Salamander Desmognathus carolinensis Carolina Mt. Dusky Salamander Desmognathus conanti Spotted Dusky Salamander Desmognathus folkertsi Dwarf Blackbelly Salamander Desmognathus fuscus Northern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus imitator Imitator Salamander Desmognathus marmoratus Shovelnose Salamander Desmognathus monticola Seal Salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus Alleghany Mt. Dusky Salamander Desmognathus ocoee Ocoee Dusky Salamander Desmognathus orestes Blue Ride Dusky Salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus Black-Bellied Salamander Desmognathus santeetlah Santeetlah Dusky Salamander Desmognathus welteri Black Mt. Dusky Salamander Desmognathus wrighti Pygmy Salamander     Genus Phaeognathus (Highton, 1961) Red Hills Salamanders Phaeognathus hubrichti Red Hills Salamander   Plethodontidae (Gray, 1850) Lungless Salamanders Subfamily Plethodontinae (Gray, 1850) Tribe Bolitoglossini (Wake, 1966) Slender & Neotropical Salamanders      Genus Batrachoseps (Bonaparte, 1839) Slender Salamanders Batrachoseps attenuatus California Slender Salamander Batrachoseps campi Inyo Mountains Slender Salamander Batrachoseps diabolicus Hell Hollow Slender Salamander Batrachoseps gabrieli San Gabriel Slender Salamander Batrachoseps gavilanensis Gabilan Mountains Slender Salamander Batrachoseps gregarius Gregarious Slender Salamander Batrachoseps incognitus San Simeon Slender Salamander Batrachoseps kawia Sequoia Slender Salamander Batrachoseps luciae Santa Lucian Slender Salamander Batrachoseps major Garden Slender Salamander Batrachoseps minor Lesser Slender Salamander Batrachoseps nigriventris Blackbelly Slender Salamander Batrachoseps pacificus Channel Islands Slender Salamander Batrachoseps regius Kings River Slender Salamander Batrachoseps relictus Relictual Slender Salamander Batrachoseps robustus Kern Plateau Slender Salamander Batrachoseps simatus Kern Canyon Slender Salamander Batrachoseps stebbinsi Tehachapi Slender Salamander Batrachoseps wrighti (=wrightorum) Oregon Slender Salamander     Genus Bolitoglossa (Dumerill, Bibron, Dumeril, 1854) Tropical Lungless Salamanders Bolitoglossa alvaradoi Alvarado's Salamander Bolitoglossa colonnea Ridge-Headed Salamander Bolitoglossa dofleini Giant Palm Salamander Bolitoglossa mexicana Mexico Mitt Salamander Bolitoglossa schizodactyla Colce Mushroomtongue Salamander     Genus Hydromantes (Gistel, 1848) Web-Toed Salamanders Hydromantes brunus Limestone Salamander Hydromantes genei Sardinian Cave Salamander Hydromantes italicus Italian Cave Salamander Hydromantes platycephalus Mount Lyell Salamander Hydromantes shastae Shasta Salamander Hydromantes strinatii Geotritone     Tribe Hemidactylini (Wake, 1966) Brook, Spring, Red, Mud, Multi-Lined Salamanders      Genus Eurycea (Rafinesque, 1822) Brook Salamanders Eurycea bislineata Northern Two-Lined Salamander Eurycea chamberlaini Chamberlain's Dwarf Salamander Eurycea cirrigera Southern Two-Lined Salamander Eurycea guttolineata Three-Lined Salamander Eurycea junaluska Junaluska Salamander Eurycea longicauda Long-Tailed Salamander Eurycea lucifuga Cave Salamander Eurycea multiplicata Many-Ribbed Salamander Eurycea quadridigitata Dwarf Salamander Eurycea rathbuni Texas Blind Salamander Eurycea sosorum Barton Springs Salamander Eurycea spelaeus Grotto Salamander Eurycea tonkawae Tonkawa Springs Salamander Eurycea tridentifera Comal Blind Salamander Eurycea tynerensis Oklahoma Salamander Eurycea waterlooensis Austin Blind Salamander Eurycea wilderae Blue-Ridge Two-Lined Salamander       Genus Gyrinophilus (Cope, 1868) Spring Salamanders & Cave Salamanders Gyrinophilus gulolineatus Berry Cave Salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Spring Salamander Gyrinophilus subterraneus West Virginia Spring Salamander     Genus Heideotriton (Carr, 1939) Blind Salamanders Haideotriton wallacei Georgia Blind Salamander     Genus Hemidactylium (Tschudi, 1838) Four-Toed Salamanders Hemidactylium scutatum Four-Toed Salamander     Genus Pseudotriton (Tschudi, 1838) Red Salamanders & Mud Salamanders Pseudotriton diastictus Midland Mud Salamander Pseudotriton montanus Mud Salamander Pseudotriton ruber Red Salamander      Genus Stereochilus (Cope, 1869) Sterochilus marginatus Many-Lined Salamander     Tribe Plethodontini (Wake, 1966) Plethodontids, Arboreal Salamanders, Ensatina      Genus Aneides (Baird, 1849) Arboreal / Climbing Salamanders Aneides aeneus Green Salamander Aneides ferreus Clouded Salamander Aneides flavipunctatus Black Salamander Aneides hardii Sacramento Mnt. Salamander Aneides lugubris Arboreal Salamander Aneides vagrans Wandering Salamander     Genus Ensatina (Gray, 1850) Ensatinas Enstatina eschscholtzii Ensatina Enstatina klauberi Large-Blotched Ensatina     Genus Plethodon (Tschudi, 1838) Slimy Salamanders & Woodland Salamanders Plethodon albagula Western Slimy Salamander Plethodon angusticlavius Ozark Zigzag Salamander Plethodon asupak Scott Bar Salamander Plethodon aureolus Tellico Salamander Plethodon caddoensis Caddo Mnt. Salamander Plethodon chattahoochee Chattahoochee Slimy Salamander Plethodon chlorobryonis Altlantic Coast Slimy Salamander Plethodon cinereus Red-Backed Salamander Plethodon cylindraceus White-Spotted Slimy Salamander Plethodon dorsalis Northern Zigzag Salamander Plethodon dunni Dunn's Salamander Plethodon electromorphus Northern Ravine Salamander Plethodon elongatus Del Norte Salamander Plethodon fourchensis Fourche Mnt. Salamander Plethodon glutinosus Northern Slimy Salamander Plethodon grobmani Southern Slimy Salamander Plethodon hoffmani Valley & Ridge Salamander Plethodon hubrichti Peaks of Otter Salamander Plethodon idahoensis Coeur D'Alene Salamander Plethodon jordani Jordan's Salamander Plethodon kentucki Cumberland Plateau Salamander Plethodon kiamichi Kiamichi Slimy Salamander Plethodon kisatchie Louisiana Slimy Salamander Plethodon larselli Larch Mnt. Salamander Plethodon mississippi Mississippi Slimy Salamander Plethodon montanus Northern Gray-Cheeked Salamander Plethodon neomexicanus Jemez Mnt.'s Salamander Plethodon nettingi Cheat Mnt. Salamander Plethodon ocmulgee Ocmulgee Slimy Salamander Plethodon ouachitae Rich Mnt. Salamander Plethodon petraeus Pigeon Mnt. Salamander Plethodon richmondi Ravine Salamander Plethodon savannah Savannah Slimy Salamander Plethodon sequoyah Sequoyah Slimy Salamander Plethodon serratus Southern Red-Backed Salamander Plethodon shermani Red-Legged Salamander Plethodon stormi Siskiyou Mnt. Salamander Plethodon teyahalee Southern Appalachian Salamander Plethodon vandykei Van Dyke's Salamander Plethodon variolatus South Carolina Slimy Salamander Plethodon vehiculum Western Red-Backed Salamander Plethodon websteri Webster's Salamander Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander Plethodon welleri Weller's Salamander Plethodon yonahlossee Yonahlossee Salamander     Proteidae (Tschudi, 1859) Mudpuppies, Waterdogs, & the Olm Genus Necturus (Rafinesque, 1819) Mudpuppies & Waterdogs Necturus alabamensis Alabama Waterdog Necturus beyeri Gulf Coast Waterdog Necturus lewisi Neuse River Waterdog Necturus louisianensis Red River Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus Common Mudpuppy Necturus punctatus Dwarf Waterdog      Genus Necturus (Rafinesque, 1819) Mudpuppies and Waterdogs Proteus anguinus Olm     Rhyacotritonidae (Tihen, 1958) Torrent / Seep Salamanders  Genus Rhyacotriton (Dunn, 1920) Torrent / Seep Salamanders Rhyacotriton cascadae Cascade Torrent Salamander Rhyacotriton kezeri Columbia Torrent Salamander Rhyacotriton olympicus Olympic Torrent Salamander Rhyacotriton variegatus Southern Torrent Salamander    Salamandridae (Goldfuss, 1820) True Salamanders and Newts  Genus Calotriton (Gray, 1858) European Mountain Salamanders, Brook Salamanders / Newts Calotriton asper Pyrenean Brook Salamander    Genus Chioglossa (Bocage, 1864) Gold-Striped Salamanders Chioglossa lusitanica Gold-Striped Salamander    Genus Cynops (Tschudi, 1839) Fire Belly Newts Cynops chenggongensis Chenggong Fire Belly Newt Cynops cyanurus Blue Tailed Newt Cynops ensicauda Japanese Sword-Tailed Newt Cynops orientalis Chinese Fire Belly Newt Cynops orphicus unknown Cynops pyrrhogaster Japanese Fire Belly Newt     Genus Echinotriton (Nussbaum & Brodie, 1982) Mountain Newts Echinotriton andersoni Anderson's Salamander, Ryukyu Newt     Genus Euproctus (Gene, 1838) European Mountain Salamanders, Brook Salamanders / Newts Euproctus asper Pyrenean Brook Salamander Euproctus montanus Corsican Brook Salamander     Genus Lissotriton (Bell, 1839) European Newts Lissotriton boscai Bosca's Newt Lissotriton helveticus Palmate Newt Lissotriton italicus Italian Newt Lissotriton montandoni Carpathian Newt Lissotriton vulgaris Smooth Newt     Genus Lyciasalamandra (Veith & Steinfartz, 2004) Lycian Salamanders Lyciasalamandra helverseni unknown Lyciasalamandra luschani Luschan's/Lycian Salamander     Genus Mertensiella (Wolterstorff, 1925) Caucasus / Caucasian Salamanders Mertensiella caucasica Caucasian Salamander     Genus Mesotriton (Bolkay, 1927) Alpine Newts Mesotriton alpestris Alpine Newt     Genus Neurergus (Cope, 1862) Kurdistan Newts, Spotted Newts Neurergus crocatus Yellow Spotted Newt Neurergus microspilotus Iranian Yellow Spotted Newt Neurergus kaiseri Kaiser's Spotted Newt Neurergus strauchii Strauch's Spotted Newt     Genus Notophthalmus (Rafinesque, 1820) Eastern Newts Notophthalmus meridionalis Black-Spotted Newt Notophthalmus perstriatus Striped Newt Notophthalmus viridescens Eastern Newt     Genus Ommatotriton (Gray, 1850) Banded Newts Ommatotriton ophryticus Northern Banded Newt     Genus Pachytriton (Boulenger, 1878) Paddle-Tail Newts, Chinese Newts Pachytriton brevipes Paddle-Tail Newt Pachytriton labiatus Spotted Paddle-Tail Newt Pachytriton types A, B, and C unknown     Genus Paramesotriton (Chang, 1935) Warty Newts Paramesotriton caudopunctatus Spot-Tailed Warty Newt Paramesotriton chinensis Chinese Warty Newt Paramesotriton deloustali Tam Dao Warty Newt Paramesotriton fuzhongensis Fuzhong Warty Newt Paramesotriton guanxiensis Guangxi Warty Newt Paramesotriton hongkongensis Hong Kong Warty Newt Paramesotriton laoensis Laos Warty Newt      Genus Pleurodeles (Michahelles, 1830) Ribbed Newts Pleurodeles nebulosus Algerian Ribbed Newt Pleurodeles waltl Spanish Ribbed Newt     Genus Salamandra (Laurenti, 1768) Fire Salamanders Salamandra algira Algerian / African Fire Salamander Salamandra atra Alpine Salamander Salamandra corsica Corsican Fire Salamander Salamandra lanzai Lanza's Alpine Salamander Salamandra salamandra Fire Salamander     Genus Salamandrina (Fitzinger, 1826) Spectacled Salamanders Salamandrina perspicillata Northern Spectacled Salamander Salamandrina terdigitata Spectacled Salamander     Genus Taricha (Gray, 1850) Western Newts / Pacific Newts Taricha granulosa Rough-Skinned Newt Taricha rivularis Red-Bellied Newt Taricha torosa California Newt Taricha sierrae Sierra Newt     Genus Triturus (Rafinesque, 1815) European Newts Triturus carnifex Italian Crested Newt Triturus cristatus Northern Crested Newt Triturus dobrogicus Danube Crested Newt Triturus karelinii Southern Crested Newt Triturus marmoratus Marbled Newt Triturus pygmaeus Pygmy Marbled Newt     Genus Tylototriton (Anderson, 1871) Crocodile Newts Tylototriton asperrimus Black Knobby Newt Tylototriton hainanensis Hainan Crocodile Newt Tylototriton kweichowensis Kweichow Crocodile Newt Tylototriton shanjing Mandarin Newt Tylototriton taliangensis Taliang Crocodile Newt Tylototriton vietnamensis Vietnam Crocodile Newt Tylototriton verrucosus Himalayan Newt Tylototriton wenxianensis Wenxian Knobby Newt     Sirenidae (Gray, 1825) Sirens Genus Pseudobranchus (Gray, 1825) Dwarf Sirens Pseudobranchus axanthus Narrow-Striped Dwarf Siren     Genus Siren (Österdam, 1766) Sirens Siren intermedia Lesser Siren Siren lacertina Greater Siren