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salamandroidea, cryptobranchoidea,
amphibian database, amphibian species, salamander, salamanders, newts, newt, caudata, caudate,
anura, anuran, fire belly newt, fire belly toad, biodiversity, conservation, amphibian,
amphibians, ambystomatidae, ambystoma, amphiumidae, amphiuma, cryptobranchidae, dicamptodontidae,
hynobiidae, proteidae, plethodontidae, rhyacotritonidae, salamandridae, sirenidae, siren, cynops, pachytriton,
paramesotriton, tylototriton
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Caudate Database Entries (only entries with
information or photos)
 New caudate species are still discovered in the wild today, but the majority of taxonomic changes come from the reclassification of existing taxon based on
new genetic discoveries. Because of these new discoveries, the databases and taxonomic models on livingunderworld.org
are updated when new information is discovered or handed down, and
an effort is made to keep it as current as possible. Taxonomy is
increasingly based on molecular findings, rather than morphological
similarities, which has cleared up many "gray areas" in the caudate
order, and enabled scientists to classify similar species
definitively. However, like all amphibians, the caudate taxonomic
model is still subject to change as new information is discovered.
Please feel free to
contact us
with comments about this database or the
taxonomic model.
For more information about each caudate family and the taxonomic
model, see the Caudate Families, and the
Taxonomic Model. For information about Taxonomy, the Linnaean
System of Classification, and Cladistics, see
article
0012 - Introduction to Systematics & Taxonomy.
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Ambystomatidae (Gray, 1850) Mole Salamanders |
| Genus Ambystoma (Tschudi, 1838)
Mole Salamanders
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Amphiumidae (Gray, 1825) Amphiumas / Congo Snakes |
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Genus Amphiuma (Garden In Smith, 1821) Amphiuma / Congo Snakes
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Cryptobranchidae(Fitzinger, 1826) Giant Salamanders, Hellbenders |
| Genus Cryptobranchus (Leukart, 1821)
Hellbenders
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| Genus Andrias (Tschudi, 1837) Giant
Salamanders
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Dicamtodontidae (Tihen, 1958) American Giant Salamanders / Pacific Mole
Salamanders |
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Genus Dicamptodon (Struch, 1870)
American Giant Salamanders / Pacific Mole Salamanders
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Hynobiidae (Cope, 1859) Asiatic Salamander |
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Genus Batrachuperus (Boulenger, 1878) Mountain Salamanders
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Genus Hynobius (Tschudi, 1838) Hynobiids / Asian Salamanders
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Genus Liua (Zhao and Hu, 1983) Wushan Salamanders
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Genus Onychodactylus (Tschudi, 1838) Clawed Salamanders
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Genus Pachyhynobius (Fei, Qu (Ku), and Wu, 1983) Shangcheng Salamanders
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| Genus Ranodon (Kessler, 1866)
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| Genus Salamandrella (Dybowski, 1870) Siberian
Salamanders / Newts
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Plethodontidae (Gray,
1850) Lungless Salamanders |
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Genus Karsenia (Min, Yang, Bonnett, Vieites, Brandon, & Wake, 2005) Korean Crevice Salamanders
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Subfamily Desmognathinae (Gray, 1850) Dusky Salamanders
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Genus Desmognathus (Baird, 1850) Dusky Salamanders
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Genus Phaeognathus (Highton, 1961) Red Hills Salamanders
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Subfamily Plethodontinae (Gray, 1850)
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Tribe: Bolitoglossini (Wake, 1966) Neo-Tropical Salamanders
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Genus Batrachoseps (Bonaparte, 1839) Slender Salamanders
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Genus Bolitoglossa (Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854) Tropical Lungless Salamanders
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Genus Hydromantes (Gistel, 1848) Web-Toed Salamanders
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Subfamily Plethodontinae (Gray, 1850)
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Tribe: Hemidactyliini (Wake, 1966) Brook, Mud, Spring, Red,
Lined, etc.
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Genus Eurycea (Rafinesque, 1822) Brook Salamanders
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Genus Gyrinophilus (Cope, 1869) Spring Salamanders & Cave Salamanders
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Genus Heideotriton (Carr, 1939) Blind Salamanders
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Genus Hemidactylium (Tschudi, 1838) Four-Toed Salamanders
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Genus Pseudotriton (Tschudi, 1838) Red Salamanders &
Mud Salamanders
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Genus Speleomantis (Dubois, 1984) European Web-Toed Salamanders
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Genus Stereochilus (Cope, 1869) Many-Lined Salamanders
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Subfamily Plethodontinae (Gray, 1850)
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Tribe: Plethodontini (Wake, 1966)
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Genus Aneides (Baird, 1851) Arboreal / Climbing Salamanders
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Genus Ensatina (Gray, 1850) Ensatinas
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Genus Plethodon (Tschudi, 1838) Slimy Salamanders & Woodland
Salamanders
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Proteidae (Gray, 1825) Mudpuppies, Waterdogs, and the Olm |
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Genus Necturus (Rafinesque, 1819) Mudpuppies, Waterdogs, and Olms
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| Genus Proteus (Laurenti, 1768) Olms
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Rhyacotritonidae (Tihen, 1958) Torrent / Seep Salamanders |
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Genus Rhyacotriton (Dunn, 1920) Torrent / Seep Salamanders
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Salamandridae (Goldfuss, 1820) Newts & True Salamanders |
| Genus Calotriton (Gray, 1858) Gold Striped
Salamander
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| Genus Chioglossa (Bocage, 1864) Gold
Striped Salamanders
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| Genus Cynops (Tschudi, 1838) Fire Belly Newts
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| Genus Echinotriton (Nussbaum &
Brodie, 1982) Mountain Newts
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| Genus Euproctus (Gené, 1838) European
Mountain Salamanders, Brook Salamanders / Newts
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| Genus Lissotriton (Bell, 1839) European Newts
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| The genus Triturus has recently
been reevaluated and split into Lissotriton, Mesotrition, and Triturus
(2004).
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| Genus Lyciasalamandra (Veith & Steinfartz,
2004)
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| Genus Mertensiella (Wolterstorff, 1925)
Caucasus / Caucasian Salamanders
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| Genus Mesotriton (Bolkay, 1927) Alpine Newts
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| Genus Neurergus (Cope, 1862) Kurdistan
Newts, Spotted Newts
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| Genus Notophthalmus (Rafinesque, 1820)
Eastern Newts
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| Genus Ommatotriton (Gray, 1850) Banded Newts |
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| Genus Pachytriton (Boulenger, 1878) Paddle-Tail Newts,
Chinese Newts
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| Genus Paramesotriton (Chang, 1935) Warty Newts
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| Genus Pleurodeles (Michahelles, 1830) Ribbed Newts
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| Genus Salamandra (Laurenti, 1768) Fire Salamanders
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| Genus Salamandrina (Fitzinger, 1826)
Spectacled Salamanders
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| Genus Taricha (Gray, 1850) Western Newts / Pacific Newts
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| Genus Triturus (Rafinesque, 1815) European Newts
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| Genus Tylototriton (Anderson, 1871) Crocodile Newts
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Sirenidae (Gray, 1825) Sirens |
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Genus Pseudobranchus (Gray, 1825) Dwarf
Sirens
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Genus Siren (Österdam, 1766) Sirens
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Amphibian Taxonomy References
AmphibiaWeb (2003). http://amphibiaweb.org/.
(Accessed: 2001-2003).
Beltz, Ellin (2003). North American Reptile and Amphibian Names. Ellin
Beltz. http://ebeltz.net/herps/etyhome.html
(Accessed: 2001).
Center for North American Herpetology (2003). http://www.cnah.org/
(Accessed: 2000).
Collins, Joseph T. Standard Common and Scientific Names for
North American Amphibians & Reptiles (3rd ed.). Society for
the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles (SSAR), 1990.
Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw
Hill, New York, 1986.
Fowler, Henry W. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum,
1906 - With A Report of the Amphibians and Reptiles of New Jersey
and a Supplement to the Fishes of New Jersey. Trenton, New
Jersey State Museum, 1906.
Frank, Norman, and E. Ramus. Complete Guide to Scientific and
Common Names of Reptiles & Amphibians of the World. N.G.
Publishing, 1996.
Frost, Darrel. R. Amphibian Species of the World. Allen
Press and the Association of Systematics Collections. Lawrence, KS,
1985.
Frost, Darrel R. (2004). Amphibian Species of the World 3.0. American
Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php
(Accessed: 2004).
Halliday, Tim R., and Kraig Adler (editors). The New
Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. Facts on File, New
York, 2002.
Jordan, David S. A Manual of Vertebrates of the Northern
United States Including the District East of the Mississippi River
and North of North Carolina and Tennessee, Exclusive to Marine
Species. Chicago, 1878.
Larson, Allan. 1991. A molecular perspective on the evolutionary
relationships of the salamander families. Evolutionary Biology
25: 211-277.
Larson, Allan (2004). Terrestrial Vertebrates. Tree of Life Web
Project. http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=terrestrial_vertebrates.
(Accessed: 2004).
Schleich, Hermann H., and Werner Kastle (editors). Amphibians
and Reptiles of Nepal. Koeltz, Koningstein, 2002.
Stebbins, Robert. Western Reptiles & Amphibians (3rd ed.).
Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003.
Titus, T.A. and A. Larson. 1995. A molecular phylogenetic
perspective on the evolutionary radiation of the salamander family
Salamandridae. Systematic Biology 44: 125-151. |
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