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Article 0019 Salamanders of California

Using the "Salamanders of California" checklist


This section contains two categories, a simple list of the salamander species and subspecies found in California, and a photographic guide with links to detailed information about each species or subspecies. The list is organized according to family, subfamily and tribe (where applicable), then genus, species and subspecies. The photographic guide is organized by genus and species. Ideally, the user should be able to identify a species in question from the photographic guide, and then check the classification from the list. Further information can be obtained by clicking on any species photo, or by the links in the list.

Ambystoma:

Ambystoma californiense (California Tiger Salamander)
Ambystoma gracile (Northwestern Salamander)
         A. g. gracile (Northwestern Salamander)
Ambystoma macrodactylum (Long-Toed Salamander)
         A. m. croceum (Santa Cruz Long-Toed Salamander)
         A. m. sigillatum (Southern Long-Toed Salamander)
Ambystoma mavortium (Tiger Salamander), introduced
         A. m. diaboli (Gray Tiger Salamander)
         A. m. mavortium (Barred Tiger Salamander)
         A. m. melanostictum (Blotched Tiger Salamander)
         A. m. nebulosum (Arizona Tiger Salamander)

Dicamptodontidae:

Dicamptodon ensatus (California Giant Salamander)
Dicamptodon tenebrosus (Pacific Giant Salamander)

Plethodontidae:

Subfamily: Plethodontinae

Tribe: Bolitoglossiini

Batrachoseps attenuatus (California Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps campi (Inyo Mountain Salamander)
Batrachoseps diabolicus (Hell Hollow Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps gabrieli (San Gabriel Mountain Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps gavilanensis (Gabilan Mountains Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps gregarius (Gregarius Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps incognitus (San Simeon Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps kawia (Sequoia Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps luciae (Santa Lucia Mountains Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps major major (Garden Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps minor (Lesser Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps nigriventris (Black-Bellied Salamander)
Batrachoseps pacificus (Channel Islands Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps regius (King's River Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps relictus (Relictual Slender Salamander)
Batrachoseps robustus (Kern Plateau Salamander)
Batrachoseps simatus (Kern Canyon Slender Salamander
Batrachoseps stebbinsi (Tehachapi Slender Salamander)
Hydromantes brunus (Limestone Salamander)
Hydromantes platycephalus (Mount Lyell Salamander)
Hydromantes shastae (Shasta Salamander)

Tribe: Plethodontini

Aneides ferreus (Clouded Salamander)
Aneides flavipunctatus (Black Salamander)
         A. f. flavipunctatus (Black Salamander, Speckled Black Salamander)
         A. f. niger (Black Salamander, Santa Cruz Black Salamander)
Aneides lugubris (Arboreal Salamander)
Ensatina eschscholtzi (Ensatina)
         E. e. eschscholtzi (Monterey Ensatina)
         E. e. croceater (Yellow-Blotched Ensatina)
         E. e. oregonensis (Oregon Ensatina)
         E. e. picta (Painted Ensatina)
         E. e. platensis (Sierra Nevada Ensatina)
         E. e. xanthoptica (Yellow-Eyed Ensatina)
Ensatina klauberi (Large-Blotched Ensatina)
Plethodon dunni (Dunn's Salamander)
Plethodon elongatus (Del Norte Salamander)
Plethodon stormi (Sikliyou Mountain Salamander)

Rhyacotritonidae:

Rhyacotriton variegatus (Southern Torrent Salamander)

Salamandridae:

Taricha granulosa (Rough-Skinned Newt)
         T. g. granulosa (Rough-Skinned Newt)
Taricha torosa (California Newt)
         T. t. torosa (California Newt, Coast Range Newt)
         T. t. sierrae (California Newt, Sierra Newt)
Taricha rivularis (Red-Bellied Newt)

California Natives 

Ambystoma californiense
California Tiger Salamander


 Photo © William Flaxington, Field Observations of California Amphibians and Reptiles

Ambystoma gracile gracile
Northwestern Salamander


Photo © William Flaxington, Field Observations of California Amphibians and Reptiles

Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum
Santa Cruz Long Toed Salamander

Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum (Russel & Anderson, 1956). Adult from Santa Cruz Co., Calif. Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Ambystoma m. sigillatum
Southern Long Toed Salamander

Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Batrachoseps attenuatus
California Slender Salamander

Photo © 2002 William Flaxington, Field Observations of California Amphibians and Reptiles

Batrachoseps campi
Inyo Mnt's Slender Salamander

Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Batrachoseps diabolicus
Hell Hollow Slender Salamander

Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Batrachoseps gabrieli
San Gabriel Slender Salamander

Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Batrachoseps gavilanensis
Gabilan Mnt's Slender Salamander

Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Batrachoseps gregarius
Gregarious Slender Salamander

Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Batrachoseps incognitus
San Simeon Slender Salamander

Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

 
         

Dicamptodontidae 

Dicamptodon ensatus
California Giant Salamander


Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

Dicamptodon tenebrosus
Pacific / Coastal Giant Salamander


Photo © Gary Nafis, California Reptiles and Amphibians

 

        

Non-Native California Introductions 

Ambystoma m. nebulosum
Arizona Tiger Salamander

Photo © Suzanne L. Collins, Center for North American Herpetology 

 Ambystoma mavortium mavortium
Barred Tiger Salamander

Photo © Suzanne L. Collins, Center for North American Herpetology 

    Ambystoma m. melanostictum
Blotched Tiger Salamander

 




Ambystoma gracile gracile (Baird, 1859) Northwestern Salamander
Ambystoma gracile gracile
are found along the northern Pacific Coast of California upward through British Columbia. This species is found in humid coniferous woods and forests. Like many mole salamanders, A. gracile spends time burrowed into damp soil, usually in burrows created by other animals.

Ambystoma gracile  is found from northern California, north to extreme southeastern Alaska. A. gracile gracile are found in California, northward into Canada. Ambystoma gracile decorticatum, the Brown Salamander, are found from mid-Canada to Alaska. 

 
Ambystoma gracile gracile- Northwestern Salamander, Brown Salamander (Baird, 1857)
Adult specimen Tillamook County, Oregon, US.
Photo © 2002 William Flaxington, Field Observations of California Amphibians and Reptiles
      

Batrachoseps attenuatus (Eschscholtz, 1833) California Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps campi (Marlow, Brodie, and Wake, 1979) Inyo Mountains Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps diabolicus (Marlow, Brodie, and Wake, 1979) Hell Hollow Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps gabrieli (Wake, 1996) San Gabriel Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps gavilanensis (Jockusch, Yanev, and Wake, 2001) Gabilan Mountains Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps gregarius (Jockusch, Yanev, and Wake, 1998) Gregarious Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps incognitus (Jockusch, Yanev, and Wake, 1998) San Simeon Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps kawia (Jockusch, Yanev, and Wake, 1998) Sequoia Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps luciae (Jockusch, Yanev, and Wake, 2001) Santa Lucia Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps major (Camp, 1915) Garden Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps minor (Jockusch, Yanev, and Wake, 2001) Lesser Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps nigriventris (Cope, 1869) Blackbelly Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps pacificus (Cope, 1865) Channel Islands Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps regius (Jockusch, Yanev, and Wake, 1998) Kings River Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps relictus (Brame & Murray, 1968) Relictual Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps robustus (Wake, Yanev, & Hansen, 2002) Kern Plateau Slender Salamander 

 Batrachoseps simatus (Brame, & Murray, 1968) Kern Canyon Slender Salamander 

Batrachoseps stebbinsi (Brame, & Murray, 1968) Tehachapi Slender Salamander 

  


References

Behler, John L.,  and F. Wayne King. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Knopf, 1979, 1996.

Petranka, James W. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Stebbins, Robert C., and Nathan W. Cohen. A Natural History of Amphibians. Princeton Paperbacks, 1997.

Stebbins, Robert C. Western Reptiles and Amphibians (third edition). Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.

 

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